AtCoder Grand Contest 016
F
Games on DAG
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原题
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Problem Statement

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There is a directed graph $G$ with $N$ vertices and $M$ edges. The vertices are numbered $1$ through $N$, and the edges are numbered $1$ through $M$. Edge $i$ is directed from $x_i$ to $y_i$. Here, $x_i < y_i$ holds. Also, there are no multiple edges in $G$.

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Consider selecting a subset of the set of the $M$ edges in $G$, and removing these edges from $G$ to obtain another graph $G'$. There are $2^M$ different possible graphs as $G'$.

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Alice and Bob play against each other in the following game played on $G'$. First, place two pieces on vertices $1$ and $2$, one on each. Then, starting from Alice, Alice and Bob alternately perform the following operation:

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  • Select an edge $i$ such that there is a piece placed on vertex $x_i$, and move the piece to vertex $y_i$ (if there are two pieces on vertex $x_i$, only move one). The two pieces are allowed to be placed on the same vertex.
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The player loses when he/she becomes unable to perform the operation. We assume that both players play optimally.

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Among the $2^M$ different possible graphs as $G'$, how many lead to Alice's victory? Find the count modulo $10^9+7$.

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Constraints

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  • $2 ≤ N ≤ 15$
  • $1 ≤ M ≤ N(N-1)/2$
  • $1 ≤ x_i < y_i ≤ N$
  • All $(x_i,\ y_i)$ are distinct.
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Input

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Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

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N M
x_1 y_1
x_2 y_2
:
x_M y_M

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Output

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Print the number of $G'$ that lead to Alice's victory, modulo $10^9+7$.

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样例

Input #1
2 1
1 2
Output #1
1
The figure below shows the two possible graphs as $G'$. A graph marked with ○ leads to Alice's victory, and a graph marked with × leads to Bob's victory. ![b250f23c38d0f5ec2204bd714e7c1516.png](https://atcoder.jp/img/agc016/b250f23c38d0f5ec2204bd714e7c1516.png)
Input #2
3 3
1 2
1 3
2 3
Output #2
6
The figure below shows the eight possible graphs as $G'$. ![8192fd32f894f708c5e4a60dcdea9d35.png](https://atcoder.jp/img/agc016/8192fd32f894f708c5e4a60dcdea9d35.png)
Input #3
4 2
1 3
2 4
Output #3
2
Input #4
5 10
2 4
3 4
2 5
2 3
1 2
3 5
1 3
1 5
4 5
1 4
Output #4
816
题目信息
题号
agc016_f
时间限制
5 s
内存限制
256 MB

题面与样例版权归 AtCoder 及出题人所有;中文翻译由 AI 生成(CI 管线),如有出入请以原文为准。