AtCoder Regular Contest 108
E
Random IS
AtCoder
⌀ 3101
原题
← DF →
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Problem Statement

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There are $N$ isu - chairs in Japanese - arranged from left to right. The $i$-th chair from the left has the ID number $a_i$. Here, it is guaranteed that $a_i$ are distinct.

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Snuke has decided to mark some of the chairs and throw away the rest. Initially, no chair is marked. We call a choice of marked chairs good when the IDs of the marked chairs are monotonically increasing from left to right.

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Snuke has decided to do the following procedure to mark chairs:

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  1. We say a chair $x$ to be nice if (and only if) the choice of marked chairs is still good when $x$ gets marked. Let $k$ be the current number of nice chairs.
  2. If $k=0$, remove the unmarked chairs and terminate the procedure. Otherwise, choose one from the $k$ nice chairs with equal probability, mark it, and go back to Step 1.
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It can be proved that the expected value of the number of chairs that remain at the end of the procedure is a rational number. Let this value be $P/Q$, an irreducible fraction. Additionally, let $M=10^{9}+7$. Then, we can prove that there uniquely exists an integer $R$ between $0$ and $M-1$ (inclusive) such that $P \equiv Q \times R \pmod{M}$, and that value equals $P \times Q^{-1} \pmod{M}$, where $Q^{-1}$ is the modular multiplicative inverse of $Q$. Find $R$.

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Constraints

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  • All values in input are integers.
  • $1 \leq N \leq 2000$
  • $1 \leq a_i \leq N$
  • $a_i$ are distinct.
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Input

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Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

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N
a_1 a_2 \cdots a_N

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Output

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Print $R$.

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样例

Input #1
3
3 1 2
Output #1
666666673
- If Chair $1$ (the chair with the ID number $1$) gets marked first, two chairs will remain at the end: Chair $1$ and $2$. - If Chair $2$ gets marked first, two chairs will remain at the end: Chair $1$ and $2$. - If Chair $3$ gets marked first, one chair will remain at the end: Chair $3$. - Since chairs are chosen with equal probability, the expected value of the number of chairs at the end is $\frac{5}{3}$. We have $5 \equiv 3 \times 666666673 \pmod{M}$, so $R=666666673$.
Input #2
30
26 16 28 30 23 11 29 18 22 15 20 13 27 9 21 7 5 25 4 19 8 3 1 24 10 14 17 12 2 6
Output #2
297703424
题目信息
题号
arc108_e
时间限制
3 s
内存限制
1024 MB

题面与样例版权归 AtCoder 及出题人所有;中文翻译由 AI 生成(CI 管线),如有出入请以原文为准。