AtCoder Regular Contest 172
B
AtCoder Language
AtCoder
⌀ 1284
原题
← AC →
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Problem Statement

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The AtCoder language has $L$ different characters. How many $N$-character strings $s$ consisting of characters in the AtCoder language satisfy the following condition? Find the count modulo $998244353$.

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  • All $K$-character subsequences of the string $s$ are different. More precisely, there are $_N\mathrm{C}_K$ ways to obtain a $K$-character string by extracting $K$ characters from the string $s$ and concatenating them without changing the order, and all of these ways must generate different strings.
翻译中…

What is $_N\mathrm{C}_K$?$_N\mathrm{C}_K$ refers to the total number of ways to choose $K$ from $N$ items. More precisely, $_N\mathrm{C}_K$ is the value of $N!$ divided by $K! \times (N-K)!$.

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Constraints

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  • $1 \leq K < N \leq 500000$
  • $1 \leq L \leq 10^9$
  • All input values are integers.
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Input

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The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

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N K L

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Output

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Print the count modulo $998244353$.

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样例

Input #1
4 3 2
Output #1
2
If `a` and `b` represent the first and second characters in the language, the condition is satisfied by two strings: `abab` and `baba`.
Input #2
100 80 26
Output #2
496798269
Approximately $10^{86}$ strings satisfy the condition, but here we print the count modulo $998244353$, which is $496798269$.
Input #3
100 1 26
Output #3
0
Input #4
500000 172172 503746693
Output #4
869120
题目信息
题号
arc172_b
时间限制
2 s
内存限制
1024 MB

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