Codeforces Round 875 (Div. 2)
E
Hyperregular Bracket Strings
Codeforces
未评级
原题
← DF →
翻译中…

You are given an integer $n$ and $k$ intervals. The $i$-th interval is $[l_i,r_i]$ where $1 \leq l_i \leq r_i \leq n$.

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Let us call a regular bracket sequence$^{\dagger,\ddagger}$ of length $n$ hyperregular if for each $i$ such that $1 \leq i \leq k$, the substring $\overline{s_{l_i} s_{l_{i}+1} \ldots s_{r_i}}$ is also a regular bracket sequence.

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Your task is to count the number of hyperregular bracket sequences. Since this number can be really large, you are only required to find it modulo $998\,244\,353$.

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$^\dagger$ A bracket sequence is a string containing only the characters "(" and ")".

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$^\ddagger$ A bracket sequence is called regular if one can turn it into a valid math expression by adding characters + and 1. For example, sequences (())(), (), (()(())) and the empty string are regular, while )(, ((), and (()))( are not.

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Input

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Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line of input contains a single integer $t$ ($1 \le t \le 10^5$) — the number of test cases. The description of test cases follows.

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The first line of each test case contains two integers $n$ and $k$ ($1 \le n \le 3 \cdot 10^5$, $0 \le k \le 3 \cdot 10^5$) — the length of the hyperregular bracket sequences and the number of intervals respectively.

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The following $k$ lines of each test case contains two integers $l_i$ and $r_i$ ($1 \le l \le r \le n$).

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It is guaranteed that the sum of $n$ across all test cases does not exceed $3 \cdot 10^5$ and the sum of $k$ across all test cases does not exceed $3 \cdot 10^5$.

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Output

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For each test case, output the number of hyperregular bracket sequences modulo $998\,244\,353$.

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Note

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  • For the first testcase, the $5$ hyperregular bracket strings of length $6$ are: ((())), (()()), (())(), ()(()) and ()()().
  • For the second testcase, there are no regular bracket strings of length $5$, and consequently, there are no hyperregular bracket strings of length $5$.
  • For the third testcase, there are no hyperregular bracket strings of length $8$ for which the substring $[1 \ldots 3]$ is a regular bracket string.
  • For the fourth testcase, there $4$ hyperregular bracket strings are: ((())(())), ((())()()), ()()((())) and ()()(()())
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样例

Input #1
7
6 0
5 0
8 1
1 3
10 2
3 4
6 9
1000 3
100 701
200 801
300 901
28 5
1 12
3 20
11 14
4 9
18 19
4 3
1 4
1 4
1 4
Output #1
5
0
0
4
839415253
140
2
InputCopy OutputCopy
题目信息
题号
1831E
时间限制
3 s
内存限制
256 MB

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