Codeforces Round 415 (Div. 1)
E
Surprise me!
Codeforces
3100
原题
← D→
翻译中…

Tired of boring dates, Leha and Noora decided to play a game.

翻译中…

Leha found a tree with $*n*$ vertices numbered from $1$ to $*n*$. We remind you that tree is an undirected graph without cycles. Each vertex $*v*$ of a tree has a number $*a*_{*v*}$ written on it. Quite by accident it turned out that all values written on vertices are distinct and are natural numbers between $1$ and $*n*$.

翻译中…

The game goes in the following way. Noora chooses some vertex $*u*$ of a tree uniformly at random and passes a move to Leha. Leha, in his turn, chooses (also uniformly at random) some vertex $*v*$ from remaining vertices of a tree $(*v* ≠ *u*)$. As you could guess there are $*n*(*n* - 1)$ variants of choosing vertices by players. After that players calculate the value of a function $*f*(*u*, *v*) = φ(*a*_{*u*}·*a*_{*v*})$ $·$ $*d*(*u*, *v*)$ of the chosen vertices where $φ(*x*)$ is Euler's totient function and $*d*(*x*, *y*)$ is the shortest distance between vertices $*x*$ and $*y*$ in a tree.

翻译中…

Soon the game became boring for Noora, so Leha decided to defuse the situation and calculate expected value of function $*f*$ over all variants of choosing vertices $*u*$ and $*v*$, hoping of at least somehow surprise the girl.

翻译中…

Leha asks for your help in calculating this expected value. Let this value be representable in the form of an irreducible fraction image. To further surprise Noora, he wants to name her the value image.

翻译中…

Help Leha!

翻译中…

Input

翻译中…

The first line of input contains one integer number $*n*$ $(2 ≤ *n* ≤ 2·10^{5})$  — number of vertices in a tree.

翻译中…

The second line contains $*n*$ different numbers $*a*_{1}, *a*_{2}, ..., *a*_{*n*}$ $(1 ≤ *a*_{*i*} ≤ *n*)$ separated by spaces, denoting the values written on a tree vertices.

翻译中…

Each of the next $*n* - 1$ lines contains two integer numbers $*x*$ and $*y*$ $(1 ≤ *x*, *y* ≤ *n*)$, describing the next edge of a tree. It is guaranteed that this set of edges describes a tree.

翻译中…

Output

翻译中…

In a single line print a number equal to $*P*·*Q*^{ - 1}$ modulo $10^{9} + 7$.

翻译中…

Note

翻译中…

Euler's totient function $φ(*n*)$ is the number of such $*i*$ that $1 ≤ *i* ≤ *n*$,and $*gcd*(*i*, *n*) = 1$, where $*gcd*(*x*, *y*)$ is the greatest common divisor of numbers $*x*$ and $*y*$.

翻译中…

There are $6$ variants of choosing vertices by Leha and Noora in the first testcase:

翻译中…
  • $*u* = 1$, $*v* = 2$, $*f*(1, 2) = φ(*a*_{1}·*a*_{2})·*d*(1, 2) = φ(1·2)·1 = φ(2) = 1$
  • $*u* = 2$, $*v* = 1$, $*f*(2, 1) = *f*(1, 2) = 1$
  • $*u* = 1$, $*v* = 3$, $*f*(1, 3) = φ(*a*_{1}·*a*_{3})·*d*(1, 3) = φ(1·3)·2 = 2φ(3) = 4$
  • $*u* = 3$, $*v* = 1$, $*f*(3, 1) = *f*(1, 3) = 4$
  • $*u* = 2$, $*v* = 3$, $*f*(2, 3) = φ(*a*_{2}·*a*_{3})·*d*(2, 3) = φ(2·3)·1 = φ(6) = 2$
  • $*u* = 3$, $*v* = 2$, $*f*(3, 2) = *f*(2, 3) = 2$
翻译中…

Expected value equals to image. The value Leha wants to name Noora is $7·3^{ - 1} = 7·333333336 = 333333338$ image.

翻译中…

In the second testcase expected value equals to image, so Leha will have to surprise Hoora by number $8·1^{ - 1} = 8$ image.

翻译中…

样例

Input #1
3
1 2 3
1 2
2 3
Output #1
333333338
InputCopy OutputCopy
Input #2
5
5 4 3 1 2
3 5
1 2
4 3
2 5
Output #2
8
InputCopy OutputCopy
题目信息
题号
809E
时间限制
8 s
内存限制
256 MB
标签
分治
数学
数论
树

题面与样例版权归 Codeforces 及出题人所有;中文翻译由 AI 生成(CI 管线),如有出入请以原文为准。