AIM Tech Round 4 (Div. 1)
C
Upgrading Tree
Codeforces
2600
原题
← BD →
翻译中…

You are given a tree with $*n*$ vertices and you are allowed to perform no more than $2*n*$ transformations on it. Transformation is defined by three vertices $*x*, *y*, *y*'$ and consists of deleting edge $(*x*, *y*)$ and adding edge $(*x*, *y*')$. Transformation $*x*, *y*, *y*'$ could be performed if all the following conditions are satisfied:

翻译中…
  1. There is an edge $(*x*, *y*)$ in the current tree.
  2. After the transformation the graph remains a tree.
  3. After the deletion of edge $(*x*, *y*)$ the tree would consist of two connected components. Let's denote the set of nodes in the component containing vertex $*x*$ by $*V*_{*x*}$, and the set of nodes in the component containing vertex $*y*$ by $*V*_{*y*}$. Then condition $|*V*_{*x*}| > |*V*_{*y*}|$ should be satisfied, i.e. the size of the component with $*x*$ should be strictly larger than the size of the component with $*y*$.
翻译中…

You should minimize the sum of squared distances between all pairs of vertices in a tree, which you could get after no more than $2*n*$ transformations and output any sequence of transformations leading initial tree to such state.

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Note that you don't need to minimize the number of operations. It is necessary to minimize only the sum of the squared distances.

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Input

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The first line of input contains integer $*n*$ ($1 ≤ *n* ≤ 2·10^{5}$) — number of vertices in tree.

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The next $*n* - 1$ lines of input contains integers $*a*$ and $*b*$ ($1 ≤ *a*, *b* ≤ *n*, *a* ≠ *b*$) — the descriptions of edges. It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree.

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Output

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In the first line output integer $*k*$ ($0 ≤ *k* ≤ 2*n*$) — the number of transformations from your example, minimizing sum of squared distances between all pairs of vertices.

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In each of the next $*k*$ lines output three integers $*x*, *y*, *y*'$ — indices of vertices from the corresponding transformation.

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Transformations with $*y* = *y*'$ are allowed (even though they don't change tree) if transformation conditions are satisfied.

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If there are several possible answers, print any of them.

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Note

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This is a picture for the second sample. Added edges are dark, deleted edges are dotted.image

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样例

Input #1
3
3 2
1 3
Output #1
0
InputCopy OutputCopy
Input #2
7
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
6 7
Output #2
2
4 3 2
4 5 6
InputCopy OutputCopy
题目信息
题号
843C
时间限制
4 s
内存限制
512 MB
标签
构造
DFS 及类似
图论
数学
树

题面与样例版权归 Codeforces 及出题人所有;中文翻译由 AI 生成(CI 管线),如有出入请以原文为准。