丸紅プログラミングコンテスト2024(AtCoder Regular Contest 183)
D
Keep Perfectly Matched
AtCoder
⌀ 2880
原题
← CE →
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Problem Statement

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There is a tree with $N$ vertices numbered from $1$ to $N$. The $i$-th edge connects vertices $A_i$ and $B_i$. Here, $N$ is even, and furthermore, this tree has a perfect matching. Specifically, for each $i$ ($1 \leq i \leq N/2$), it is guaranteed that $A_i=i \times 2-1$ and $B_i=i \times 2$.

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You will perform the following operation $N/2$ times:

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  • Choose two leaves (vertices with degree exactly $1$) and remove them from the tree. Here, the tree after removal must still have a perfect matching. In this problem, we consider a graph with zero vertices to be a tree as well.
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For each operation, its score is defined as the distance between the two chosen vertices (the number of edges on the simple path connecting the two vertices).

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Show one procedure that maximizes the total score. It can be proved that there always exists a procedure to complete $N/2$ operations under the constraints of this problem.

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Constraints

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  • $2 \leq N \leq 250000$
  • $N$ is even.
  • $1 \leq A_i < B_i \leq N$ ($1 \leq i \leq N-1$)
  • $A_i=i \times 2 -1$, $B_i=i \times 2$ ($1 \leq i \leq N/2$)
  • The given graph is a tree.
  • All input values are integers.
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Input

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The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

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N
A_1 B_1
A_2 B_2
\vdots
A_{N-1} B_{N-1}

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Output

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Print a solution in the following format:

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X_1 Y_1
X_2 Y_2
\vdots
X_{N/2} Y_{N/2}

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Here, $X_i$ and $Y_i$ are the two vertices chosen in the $i$-th operation. If there are multiple solutions, you may print any of them.

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样例

Input #1
4
1 2
3 4
2 3
Output #1
4 1
2 3
The procedure in the sample output is as follows: - 1st operation: Remove vertices $4$ and $1$. The remaining tree has vertices $2$ and $3$, and a perfect matching. The score of this operation is $3$. - 2nd operation: Remove vertices $2$ and $3$. The remaining tree has zero vertices and a perfect matching. The score of this operation is $1$. - The total score is $3 + 1 = 4$. It is impossible to make the total score greater than $4$, so this output solves this sample input.
Input #2
8
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
2 3
1 5
1 7
Output #2
4 8
7 6
5 3
2 1
Input #3
14
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
2 8
4 11
5 12
7 13
11 14
9 13
Output #3
1 6
5 2
8 12
3 7
10 4
11 9
13 14
Input #4
20
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
8 10
16 18
16 19
5 9
10 17
2 13
7 14
3 7
3 12
Output #4
6 1
2 15
20 13
14 19
16 4
11 18
17 12
3 5
9 7
8 10
题目信息
题号
arc183_d
时间限制
2 s
内存限制
1024 MB

题面与样例版权归 AtCoder 及出题人所有;中文翻译由 AI 生成(CI 管线),如有出入请以原文为准。