Codeforces Round 638 (Div. 2)
D
Phoenix and Science
Codeforces
1900
原题
← CE →
翻译中…

Phoenix has decided to become a scientist! He is currently investigating the growth of bacteria.

翻译中…

Initially, on day $1$, there is one bacterium with mass $1$.

翻译中…

Every day, some number of bacteria will split (possibly zero or all). When a bacterium of mass $m$ splits, it becomes two bacteria of mass $\frac{m}{2}$ each. For example, a bacterium of mass $3$ can split into two bacteria of mass $1.5$.

翻译中…

Also, every night, the mass of every bacteria will increase by one.

翻译中…

Phoenix is wondering if it is possible for the total mass of all the bacteria to be exactly $n$. If it is possible, he is interested in the way to obtain that mass using the minimum possible number of nights. Help him become the best scientist!

翻译中…

Input

翻译中…

The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains an integer $t$ ($1 \le t \le 1000$) — the number of test cases.

翻译中…

The first line of each test case contains an integer $n$ ($2 \le n \le 10^9$) — the sum of bacteria masses that Phoenix is interested in.

翻译中…

Output

翻译中…

For each test case, if there is no way for the bacteria to exactly achieve total mass $n$, print -1. Otherwise, print two lines.

翻译中…

The first line should contain an integer $d$  — the minimum number of nights needed.

翻译中…

The next line should contain $d$ integers, with the $i$-th integer representing the number of bacteria that should split on the $i$-th day.

翻译中…

If there are multiple solutions, print any.

翻译中…

Note

翻译中…

In the first test case, the following process results in bacteria with total mass $9$:

翻译中…
  • Day $1$: The bacterium with mass $1$ splits. There are now two bacteria with mass $0.5$ each.
  • Night $1$: All bacteria's mass increases by one. There are now two bacteria with mass $1.5$.
  • Day $2$: None split.
  • Night $2$: There are now two bacteria with mass $2.5$.
  • Day $3$: Both bacteria split. There are now four bacteria with mass $1.25$.
  • Night $3$: There are now four bacteria with mass $2.25$.
翻译中…

The total mass is $2.25+2.25+2.25+2.25=9$. It can be proved that $3$ is the minimum number of nights needed. There are also other ways to obtain total mass 9 in 3 nights.

翻译中…

$ $

翻译中…

In the second test case, the following process results in bacteria with total mass $11$:

翻译中…
  • Day $1$: The bacterium with mass $1$ splits. There are now two bacteria with mass $0.5$.
  • Night $1$: There are now two bacteria with mass $1.5$.
  • Day $2$: One bacterium splits. There are now three bacteria with masses $0.75$, $0.75$, and $1.5$.
  • Night $2$: There are now three bacteria with masses $1.75$, $1.75$, and $2.5$.
  • Day $3$: The bacteria with mass $1.75$ and the bacteria with mass $2.5$ split. There are now five bacteria with masses $0.875$, $0.875$, $1.25$, $1.25$, and $1.75$.
  • Night $3$: There are now five bacteria with masses $1.875$, $1.875$, $2.25$, $2.25$, and $2.75$.
翻译中…

The total mass is $1.875+1.875+2.25+2.25+2.75=11$. It can be proved that $3$ is the minimum number of nights needed. There are also other ways to obtain total mass 11 in 3 nights.

翻译中…

$ $

翻译中…

In the third test case, the bacterium does not split on day $1$, and then grows to mass $2$ during night $1$.

翻译中…

样例

Input #1
3
9
11
2
Output #1
3
1 0 2
3
1 1 2
1
0
InputCopy OutputCopy
题目信息
题号
1348D
时间限制
2 s
内存限制
256 MB
标签
二分
构造
贪心
模拟
数学

题面与样例版权归 Codeforces 及出题人所有;中文翻译由 AI 生成(CI 管线),如有出入请以原文为准。